Hello Rychus,
I think builders gain more skill in clearing debris and keeping the stream clear. If there are untrained villagers and I train them in building, they become trainee builders faster by clearing debris and keeping the stream clear than by building or fixing a hut
That's because it takes them longer to carry out a 'cycle' of work when building or fixing a hut than when clearing the stream.
For each task successfully completed the villager will gain an advance in skills. The amount is the same each time. It's probably better if a villager carries out a relatively short task such as clearing the stream or fishing than one of the longer ones such as building a hut or shaking down and cooking the fruit, since they take less time.
Kids do gain skills for the time spent in the nursery, although it's a slow process and takes several years, as in real life. I generally use scholars only to teach in the nursery, who are of course already masters in all the skills anyway. I don't know for sure, but I suspect that the more skilled the teacher, the faster the kids will acquire skills.