Weak villagers cannot be healed by your doctors. You can have them work at less strenuous tasks (such as research), and make sure there's plenty of food. They should slowly recover their health if conditions in your village are favorable.
You can always retrain a villager in a new task, providing your technology level allows them to perform that task (such as Harvesting L1 for foraging, Harvesting L2 for farming, etc.).
I think the game is more fun for everyone if I don't give away too much about how things work. If you experiment for awhile, you'll come up with the answers!
