A lot of the puzzles need certain conditions to be able to be solved. I am not 100% sure which one is 3, but if it is what I think, you just need to continue building up a strong healthy village (this includes making sure they have plenty of food), and the puzzles will slowly start coming together
As for Island events, I don't think there is any way to predict what or when you will get them, so I wont be too worried that you haven't seen many yet
Savi