Yes, the game log contains a record of what happens in the game from the time you last closed it until it is closed again. The first part of the log records the loading of the game, followed by the activities of the villagers while the game was off (those entries all have the same time stamp), followed by what happened in the game while it was running. It can be very enlightening to examine the game log.

It is very sad to lose a village like that, but at least you know what happened.