I think there should be some "organization of labor". By that I mean that you should be able to appoint one of your master builders as "foreman", master doctor as "physician", master farmer as "overseer", master scientist as "professor" and master parent as "teacher" (who could run the "daycare" for nursing moms and kids up to age 6--helpers would earn "parenting" experience, as there is more to parenting than just merely breeding). Each of them would be responsible for training "untrained" people set in their specialties (i.e. it would be a perk for having a master that your untrained folks didn't run off from learning until they were at least trainees) or born with abilities in their field and could "summon" all people of their profession to help with a task. They could be automatically replaced by the next oldest master in their job when they die, or you would lose that ability until you trained a new master.
The esteemed elders should take the children over age 6 in hand, keeping them safe and occupied so they aren't running about all over the island with no supervision from age 2 up (maybe a playground where they could be supervised while out enjoying the island).
There should definitely be more opportunities for builders to earn experience. Perhaps by making furniture, building playground equipment, etc.?