Since they're not real people - no. I tried to give them a chance to take a rest by putting them at the least physically challenging place, the research table, and they wouldn't take the gift they had been given. So they died.
The two jobs on the island that are the
MOST physically challenging and
will cause injury to your villagers is
Building and Researching. When I retire my villagers, I always choose jobs like Farming or Parenting. They take longer to do a task, but they don't get injured at the same rate as the other jobs do.