I haven't studied it enough to know the actual formula, but level 2 science will give the newbie scientist 2 on his first successful research attempt, as opposed to 1 with level 1 science. A master scinetist earning 15 points (which is max) at level 1 will earn 20 points at level 2. My thoughts about it is that if you're doing well food-wise and hold off on a major population boom until later, then by all means get level 2 science first. If it feels like you're struggling for tech points, then get level 2 science. If you're having a real difficult time with food tho', either start up those child labor camps and get them to shroom picking, or increase farming to level 3. ^^