Most of the tasks and occupations that your villagers can learn and work on can be discovered by dragging them around the village and looking for messages that describe particular places. For example, dragging a villager over the research table or berry bush will reveal that they can work there. You can discover a place to learn medicine that way, although even an untrained villager can heal a sick villager.
You don't need to feed your villagers, since they will eat on their own, but you can encourage them to eat by taking them to the little table at the food bin.
Some things require research before they can be learned, so you need to assign some villagers to work at the research table. Farming and fishing require more advanced technology than your villagers have at the start of the game. Village Technology is purchased with research points gained by your scientists. There are a total of 12 levels of technology that have to be purchased, so research is an important function in the game. Many puzzles require more advanced technology to complete. You can go to the Village Tech screen and highlight the various technologies, then tap the "Info" button to learn more about each of them.
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Barbara
Unicorn
Last Day of Work